Tea ceremony and calligraphy

Calligraphy, mainly in the form of hanging scrolls, plays an essential role in the tea ceremony – scrolls, often written by famous calligraphers or Buddhist monks, are hung in the tokonoma (scroll alcove) of the tea room.

Overall, these scrolls are selected for their appropriateness for the season, time of day, or theme of the particular ceremony. Also, calligraphic scrolls may feature well-known sayings, particularly those associated with Buddhism, poems, descriptions of famous places, or words or phrases associated with tea ceremony – a popular example are the characters ‘wa kei sei jaku’ (harmony, respect, purity and tranquility). Some contain only a single character – for example, in the summer, kaze ("wind") would be appropriate.

Finally, hanging scrolls that feature a painting instead of calligraphy, or a combination of both, may contain seasonally appropriate images, or images appropriate to the theme of the particular ceremony. Rabbits, for example, might be chosen for a night-time ceremony because of their association with the moon.